HISTORICAL MANUALS
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
COMPUTING CENTER
CMS Introductory Guide
Version 2.10
This publication provides information to
acquaint the new user with the capabil-
ities provided by the IBM CMS system at
the University of Kentucky Computing
Center.
NOTE: The use of CMS is not recommended
if your applications can be migrated to
other platforms. Use a Convex (Unix)
machine or a computer on your desktop if
at all possible. CMS will no longer be
available for most user applications
after June 30, 1996. For more infor-
mation, contact the Information Systems
Help Desk in 107 McVey Hall (e-mail:
helpdesk@ukcc.uky.edu or phone:
257-2249).
UU U KK K CCCC CCCC
UU U KK K CC CC
UU U KKK CC CC
UU U KK K CC CC
UUU KK K CCCC CCCC
Second Edition, Revision 10 (September 1995)
Technical changes made to the contents of this manual
are indicated by a vertical bar to the left of the
change.
University of Kentucky
Computing Center
128 McVey Hall
Lexington, KY 40506-0045
Phone: 606/257-2900
Processed September 13, 1995-Waterloo SCRIPT - Version 90.1 (90OCT04)
Prepared by the UKCC User Services Group
Summary of Changes
Second Edition, Revision 10, August 1995
·Updated for printer, newsletter, hours, and room changes.
·Updated for expected changes due to migration.
·Minor editorial changes have been made throughout the manual.
Second Edition, Revision 9, August 1992
·Updated for newsletter, hours, and room changes.
·Updated for hardware and system changes.
·Minor editorial changes have been made throughout the manual.
Second Edition, Revision 8, August 1990
·Updated for hardware and system changes.
·Minor editorial changes have been made throughout the manual.
Second Edition, Revision 7, January 1990
·Minor Editorial Changes.
Second Edition, Revision 6, August 1989
·Plotting section expanded.
·TeX text formatter now available.
·VM Batch replaces CMS Batch.
·Changes due to VM/XA SP.
·Minor editorial changes have been made throughout the manual.
Second Edition, Revision 5, August 1988
·Changes due to moving CMS accounts to IBM 3084.
·TELNET allows remote logon to other computers on the INTERNET network.
·Kentucky Register is restored to a published document.
Second Edition, Revision 4, February 1988
·Changes due to moving CMS accounts to IBM 3090.
·MVT operating system is removed, MVS used for all OS batch jobs.
·Kentucky Register is made online resource, printed version discontinued.
Second Edition, Revision 3, August 1987
·SPLPREP used to set printer.
·MVS operating system is available, replacing MVT for OS batch jobs.
·WATFOR77 is available as teaching compiler for FORTRAN.
·Method of printing online manuals changed.
·HOT printer limits raised.
Summary of Changes i
Second Edition, Revision 2, January 1987
·SLFTEACH for learning XEDIT.
·CMS Batch information.
·Apple LaserWriter printers made available.
Summary of Changes ii
CMS Introductory Guide
CONTENTS
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Section 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 1.1 Logging On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Section 1.2 Logging Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 1.3 3270 Status Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 2. Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 2.1 Online HELP Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 2.2 Editor Teaching Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 2.3 More Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Section 2.4 Other Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Section 3. Disk Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 3.1 Student Userids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 3.2 File Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 3.3 Printing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 3.4 Examining Disk Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section 3.5 Using the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 3.6 Sharing Disks and Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 3.7 BITNET and Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Section 3.8 PUBLIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Section 4. Spool Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Section 4.1 Examining Spool Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Section 4.2 Printing Spool Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Section 4.3 ACCEPTing Spool Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Section 5. Text Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Contents iii
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 5.1 Using SCRIPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Using Laser Printers for Final Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Section 5.2 Using LaTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Section 6. Interactive Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Section 6.1 Programming Languages under CMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Section 6.2 File Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Section 6.3 Subroutine Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section 6.4 Executing Your Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section 6.5 Increasing Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section 6.6 DLIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Section 6.7 Saving Disk Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Section 6.8 Watching Your CPU Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Section 7. Batch Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Section 7.1 VM Batch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Section 7.2 MVS Batch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Section 8. Printer and Plotter Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Section 8.1 Tracking Your Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Section 8.2 Graphing and Plotting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appendix. A. Attaching to UKCC (or GW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Appendix. B. Logging On with an ASCII Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Appendix. C. A Sample CMS Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Contents iv
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 1: Introduction
This publication is an introductory guide to CMS running under VM/ESA at the UKCC.
Some knowledge regarding computing systems is assumed. For example, this guide
does not attempt to define or explain what a terminal or keyboard is, what a
printer is, what files are, or what batch and interactive systems are. This guide
will provide you with the information you need to perform basic operations in CMS.
Topics not covered in this guide are covered in detail by the HELP system or other
manuals. The manuals contain much more detailed information concerning the VM
system (the operating system under which CMS runs). However, they are still not
as accurate as the HELP facility, your best source of information.
You may see references to CJS in older UKCC documents; CJS was a subset of CMS and
is no longer used. Because CJS and CMS overlap, most references to CJS also apply
to CMS. See the section "Getting Help" for more information on obtaining manuals.
IMPORTANT: To help you use this guide, certain conventions have been followed.
Instructions that you are required to enter at the terminal are typed on a
separate line with the shortest allowable abbreviation capitalized. Words
appearing entirely in lowercase indicate arguments or options that are determined
by what you want to accomplish. Keywords appearing in a text line will be in
uppercase. Optional specifications will be enclosed in <> brackets. Detailed
information concerning all keywords used in this guide is available from HELP and
in the CMS Reference Manual. You should expect to refer to this manual often, at
least until you become more familiar with using CMS.
CMS can be accessed from a terminal or a personal computer emulating a terminal.
When "terminal" is used in this guide both possibilities are included. The
terminals that access CMS can be divided into two categories, 3270-type terminals
and ASCII terminals. Terminals and personal computers with software that provides
all the functional capability of IBM 3270 terminals are considered 3270-type
terminals. These allow you to interact with the computer in a full-screen
environment, with full use of menus and the CMS editor, XEDIT.
The Televideo 910+ is an ASCII terminal, and this type of terminal can be found at
cluster sites outside of McVey Hall. ASCII terminal users are advised to use the
7171 protocol converter, whenever possible. All cluster site terminals are on the
campus network. When accessing CMS, these terminals connect through the 7171
protocol converter. The protocol converter, whether accessed from a personal
computer or a cluster terminal, makes your terminal look like a 3270 terminal to
CMS. Terminals that are strictly ASCII, and unable to utilize the protocol
converter, are restricted to line by line access to the computer. Refer to
Appendix A for information on attaching to UKCC.
This guide emphasizes publicly available equipment. If you have your own terminal
or a personal computer with appropriate software, you may be able to take
advantage of whatever special features it has. In some cases, the 7171 protocol
converter will not allow you to use the full-screen capabilities of CMS. Contact
Section 1: Introduction 1
CMS Introductory Guide
the Help Desk to see if support for your equipment is possible. Check the CMS
Reference Manual for information on communications relative to CMS.
In preparing this guide, it is assumed you are using a 3270-type terminal. You
may have to refer to one of the HELP files until you become familiar with the
keystroke equivalences if you are using a Televideo or some other terminal with
the 7171 protocol converter.
| The Information Systems Help Desk, in 107 McVey Hall on the Lexington Campus, is
| open weekdays during regular business hours, with extended evening and weekend
| hours when in fall and spring semesters. The Help Desk may be contacted at any
| time by phone (257-2249) or by e-mail (helpdesk@ukcc.uky.edu).
Section 1.1 Logging On
Logging on is the process of beginning a CMS session by connecting a terminal to
the computer.
To log on using a 3270-type terminal, use the following procedure. Turn the
terminal on if it is off; turn it off and then on if it is already on. After a
few seconds the UK logo should be visible. If the terminal is already on but the
screen is blank or if the screen remains blank after turning the terminal on, try
adjusting the brightness control. If you have just a cursor visible, press RESET
then CLEAR to get the system's attention. If that doesn't help, there is a
hardware problem. Try a different terminal and report the faulty terminal using
SUGGEST. SUGGEST is described later in this guide.
After you see the UK logo, type your userid in the space next to the word LOGON
and press the ENTER or RETURN key. The ENTER and RETURN keys can be used
interchangeably on most terminals that have them both, though some ASCII terminals
have distinct functions for these keys. The computer doesn't "see" anything you
type until you ENTER it. "Userid" is the CMS account name that you have been
provided. The system will respond with
ENTER PASSWORD:
You now need to enter the password (associated with your userid). Always remember
to press the ENTER key.
VM will respond with a logon message. The appearance of this message indicates
that you have successfully logged on. The information in the message includes the
date and time. There may be a line referring to the online NEWS. (This facility
is described in a later section.) CMS will display the "ready" message (which
will look something like this):
Ready; T=0.21/0.38 13:47:20
After each command is completed, CMS displays this ready message to indicate that
it is ready for another command. The message includes the amount of time (cpu and
Section 1: Introduction 2
CMS Introductory Guide
clock) it took to process the last task and the time of day (using a 24-hour
clock). Remember, each time you issue a command you must press ENTER to send the
command to the computer. Nothing will happen until you do.
You should change your password periodically as a security measure. To do this,
enter
PASSWORD
You will be prompted for the current password, and then the new password twice.
None of your entries will be visible on the screen, so type carefully. If you
forget your password, it can be changed for you but your current password cannot
| be determined. Give written notification to the UKCC User Account Services Office
| at 257-2212 between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. weekdays if you need this service.
Section 1.2 Logging Off
When you are finished with your work log off by entering
LOGoff
During the logoff you may get a message referring to reader spool files. These
are discussed later in this guide.
Section 1.3 3270 Status Indicators
3270-type terminals have two important status indicators which are implemented
differently on different manufacturers' terminals.
The first is a cluster of three indicators marked SYSTEM AVAILABLE, INSERT MODE,
and INPUT INHIBITED. (These indicators are only available on real 3270-type
terminals, not with the 7171 protocol converter). Some terminals have these
indicators as LED lights beside the screen; others incorporate these indicators at
the bottom of the screen. Input is accepted from the keyboard only when SYSTEM
AVAILABLE is on. INSERT MODE is controlled by the INS MODE and RESET keys and is
used for editing input lines, along with the DEL (character delete) key. INPUT
INHIBITED means that the system is working on your last command or that something
is wrong. In either case, keyboard entry is not allowed. This may indicate that
you have tried to enter data in an area of the screen where data entry is not
allowed (some terminals will BEEP if you attempt to type in a protected area).
Press RESET and move the cursor to a valid input area if this is the case. If the
INPUT INHIBITED condition persists it may indicate a problem with your terminal or
with the VM system and you may contact the Help Desk for assistance.
Section 1: Introduction 3
CMS Introductory Guide
The second important indicator is the system message area in the lower right
corner of the screen (available both on real 3270-type terminals and ASCII
terminals using the 7171 protocol converter). The message area will contain a
status indicator and the system node identifier (the node will usually be UKCC).
The status will be one of the following.
RUNNING Normal; CP and CMS commands may be entered.
CP READ A CP command is expected. Enter BEGIN to return to CMS mode. CP READ
is displayed before you log on.
VM READ CMS or a user program is waiting for input.
NOT ACCEPTED CMS or CP was busy when you tried to enter a command or data. Wait
a few seconds and try again.
MORE... The screen is full, but the system has more information to display.
Press CLEAR or PA2 to see the new information. Press ENTER to hold
the current screen for further examination. If you don't press ENTER
within 60 seconds, the system will automatically clear the screen and
continue.
HOLDING The system has more information to display, but the screen is being
held. You may hold the screen by pressing ENTER in response to a
MORE... prompt or the system will hold the screen if it contains a
message from another user. Press CLEAR or PA2 to clear the screen
and continue.
Section 1: Introduction 4
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 2: Getting Help
No one manual can cover every detail of the VM/CMS system. You will need other
manuals, depending on your use of CMS. This section will cover obtaining online
UKCC manuals and other ways of finding what you need.
Section 2.1 Online HELP Facility
CMS has an online HELP facility with information for every CMS command. Use it by
entering
Help
Then choose the topic you are interested in from the menu. Instructions for using
HELP are also available from HELP. Type
Help HELP
Section 2.2 Editor Teaching Facility
For getting started with the CMS file editor, XEDIT, try the SLFTEACH facility.
After reading through this guide, log on to your userid, then enter
SLFTEACH
This will put you into an online learning-by-doing environment. You can try out
commands as they are explained to you.
Section 2: Getting Help 5
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 2.3 More Manuals
UKCC manuals are available through the MANUAL command. Enter
Help MANUAL
at the terminal or refer to the CMS Reference Manual.
Entering
MANUAL
from a full-screen terminal will display a menu of all the manuals available
online. You can also get to the manual menu from VIEW which is described later.
The recommended manual for CMS is the CMS Reference Manual. The XEDIT Reference,
an excerpt from the CMS Reference Manual, is sometimes handy to have as a separate
document. If you are using a 3270-type terminal, locate your cursor over the
title of the manual you wish to print and press PF4 twice. Manuals may also be
browsed online by pressing PF2. See the following section for more information on
the BROWSE command.
Two very good manuals on XEDIT are produced by IBM. The VM System Product Editor
Command and Macro Reference and the VM System Product Editor User's Guide are
available from IBM.
Section 2.4 Other Aids
One way to keep track of recent changes to the system is the online NEWS, which is
available from the VIEW command, Type
VIEW
to view at your terminal, news about recent changes and updates at UKCC and news
from campus and the various network interest groups.
You, too, have a voice. You can send comments, gripes, questions and suggestions
to us through the use of the GRIPE or SUGGEST commands (depending on your mood).
SUGGEST
GRIPE
Both of these commands put you into the MAIL environment. See HELP for more
details.
After entering your comments (you are in XEDIT at this time), entering SEND or
pressing PF5 twice will transmit your suggestion or gripe. Comments are viewed
regularly and an answer will be sent directly to your userid.
Section 2: Getting Help 6
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 3: Disk Files
You have a limited amount of permanent disk space associated with your userid.
This space is usually accessed as your A-disk. CMS userids are opened with a
certain amount of disk space, but can be expanded when the need arises. Janet
Hyatt or Larry Johnson in the User Account Services Office can help you with this.
For a temporary solution, you can use TDISK to allocate temporary disk space (a
short-term storage area). Temporary disk disappears when you log off or DROP it.
TDISK
will allocate at least 256K of disk storage as your B-disk if the B filemode is
unused (filemodes are discussed a little later). You can get more by specifying
the amount on the TDISK command.
DROP B
will RELEASE and DETACH your B-disk when you no longer need it. Your account is
charged for the TDISK at 3 times the normal disk space rate; if you have frequent
need for TDISK it makes more sense to expand your A-disk.
Section 3.1 Student Userids
Student userids are initially set up with one cylinder (usually about 600K) of
disk space. If you need more permanent disk space, you can petition through your
instructor to have your space allocation increased.
Section 3.2 File Maintenance
Under CMS a file is identified by a fileid with three parts: the filename, the
filetype, and the filemode. The filemode, from this point on in this guide, will
always be A1. In most cases, the filemode is optional when referring to files.
The filename and filetype can contain from one to eight characters (letters,
numbers, and these seven special characters: @#$+-:_). Choose filenames and
filetypes that help to identify the contents of the file.
You may not always be able to remember the names of all the files on your disk.
You may need to look at a listing of all your fileids in order to remember exactly
which file you want.
Section 3: Disk Files 7
CMS Introductory Guide
The FLIST command provides this function for full-screen terminals. If you are
not using the 7171 protocol converter or a 3270-type terminal you can use LISTFILE
or LISTX instead. Refer to the CMS Reference Manual.
Flist
by itself will give you a list of all the files on your A-disk.
Flist filespec
will give you a list of all the files that meet your specifications. Enter
Help FLIST
for details on specifying a subset of your files or an explanation of the FLIST
display.
FLIST provides several subcommands to control the FLIST environment. The bottom
line on the screen will list numbers followed by commands. The number indicates
which PFkey (Programmable Function key) is set to that function. These key
definitions are set for 3270-type terminals. For ASCII terminals simulating a
3270, look at the HELP 7171 file for that particular terminal. For a Televideo
955, for example, enter
Help 7171 TVI955
To XEDIT a file, move the cursor onto the same line as the fileid that you want
and type Xedit (or press PF11 as indicated on the bottom line of the screen).
Similarly, files can be erased by typing ERASE or BURN on the line next to the
name of the file you want to remove and pressing ENTER. The line and the file
named on that line will disappear. (Note that this will permanently remove the
file from your disk--so be careful.)
More specific information on the use of FLIST can be found in the CMS Reference
Manual.
There may be times when you want to erase files from your CMS userid without using
FLIST. You can use either ERASE or BURN for this function. To do this you would
enter either of these commands
ERASE filename filetype <filemode>
BURN filename filetype <filemode>
where filename and filetype identify the file that you want erased. Be sure to
specify the filemode (location of file) when it is anything other than A.
Rename oldfileid newfileid
will change the name of a file from the old filename, filetype, and filemode to
the new filename, filetype, and filemode as specified.
COPYfile oldfileid newfileid
Section 3: Disk Files 8
CMS Introductory Guide
will make an exact copy of an existing file and assign the name specified as
newfileid. COPYFILE has many options allowing certain lines or columns of files
to be copied, even allowing the new material to overlay existing material in the
output file.
Section 3.3 Printing a File
Attached to your virtual machine is a virtual printer which can be routed to a
real printer or to your reader (a temporary storage area from which you can
examine your output files). A recommended practice is to always preview your
printouts in your reader before sending them to a real printer. To print a file
stored on your disk, use the SPLPREP (pronounced spoolprep) and FPRINT commands to
send the disk file to your reader. Then after viewing the file with RBROWSE if
you still want a hardcopy send the same file to a real printer with the OUTPUT
command.
SPLPREP (Route *
FPRINT filename filetype <filemode>
RBrowse spoolno
OUTPUT spoolno ( Route Central <other options>
or OUTPUT spoolno ( Route Hot
There are printers downstairs in the Computer Room, and printouts from these
printers are collected by the Operations staff. Printouts from your userid are
filed according to a box code assigned to it. To retrieve your output give the
Operator the box code assigned to your userid. To determine your box code use the
FINDPRT command after your listing has finished printing.
One of the SPLPREP functions is to set the destination of your printout. The
format of the SPLPREP command is
SPLPREP device (Route destination other options
where destination is Central for the printers in the Computer Room in the basement
of McVey Hall. The orientation of your printout can be either portrait or
landscape when printing to a Central printer (the IBM 3800 in the Computer Room).
Set the orientation using the PAGEDEF option on the OUTPUT or SPLPREP command.
PAGEDEF DOC is portrait; the default, PAGEDEF STD is landscape.
To route output directly to the printers in the Computer Room, enter the following
command:
SPLPREP PRinter (Route Central
Section 3: Disk Files 9
CMS Introductory Guide
Next, print the file,
FPRINT filename filetype
CMS will respond with the Job-number which will look something like nnnn, where
nnnn represents a four-digit number. Record these numbers to be sure you retrieve
all your output.
If you try to print a listing file received from running a job under MVS, you may
get a message indicating that the records are too long. Printers are restricted
to lines of 132 characters. MVS batch jobs add a leading 133rd character for
carriage control; that is, it controls spacing on the printer. Specifying
FPRINT filename filetype (CC
tells CMS that the file contains carriage control characters that should be used
for line spacing.
Section 3.4 Examining Disk Files
Disk files can be examined using the TYPE or XEDIT commands. The BROWSE command
can be used only on 3270-type terminals. The BROWSE environment is similar to the
editor except you cannot make any modifications to the file. When you only need
to examine a file, BROWSE is cheaper and faster to use than the editor since the
entire file isn't copied from disk as it is with XEDIT. This command is issued
as,
BRowse filename filetype
You can use the LOCATE command to look for specific character strings occurring in
the file or you can just read from page to page using the FORWARD and BACKWARD
commands. In BROWSE, the LOCATE command is issued as
/string
where string is the sequence of characters you are searching for. Trailing blanks
can be included by closing the string with another slash (/).
Further details on BROWSE, including the default PFkey settings, are available
from HELP.
Section 3: Disk Files 10
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 3.5 Using the Editor
This section gives a very broad overview of the CMS file editor. The UKCC
strongly recommends that you spend a little time learning the editor online with
the SLFTEACH package. Log on using the instructions at the beginning of this
guide and enter the command
SLFTEACH
On 3270 terminals the VM Editor (XEDIT) is a full-screen editor allowing the user
to tailor the screen environment by using a PROFILE XEDIT file. The commands to
do this are documented in the CMS Reference Manual and the XEDIT Reference. XEDIT
provides default PFkey settings and a default environment. As you become more
familiar with CMS and XEDIT, you may want to create your own PROFILE XEDIT file to
obtain the desired environment. A sample PROFILE XEDIT file called SAMPLE XEDIT Y
(where Y is the filemode) can be used as a model.
On ASCII terminals, XEDIT is a sophisticated line editor that gives you full
control of cursor positioning. We will not cover this aspect of XEDIT in this
guide.
To create or modify a file, type
Xedit filename filetype
where filename and filetype identify the file you want.
For example, if you were going to build a file to contain a program for a class,
you might choose the filename PROG1 and the filetype FORTRAN (remember, the
filemode will be A1). To begin editing this file, issue the command
Xedit PROG1 FORTRAN
This action will put you into XEDIT. A very brief example of using XEDIT to
create a file is included in Appendix D.
XEDIT will fill the screen with a copy of your file on which you can make your
changes. Typing directly on the screen will make those changes in the work file.
Issuing a SAVE or FILE command will store those changes permanently on your disk
file. In most cases, everything that you type will be in lowercase (unless you
depress the shift key) and, when you press ENTER, will be translated into
uppercase. Files with a filetype of SAS, MEMO, SCRIPT, LISTING and some others
will not do this translation.
The top line of the screen, from left to right, will look something like this:
PROG1 FORTRAN A1 F 80 TRUNC=80 SIZE=0 LINE=0 COL=0 ALT=0
where,
PROG1 -----> the filename that you specified
FORTRAN -----> the filetype that you specified
A1 -----> the filemode (A1 is default)
Section 3: Disk Files 11
CMS Introductory Guide
F 80 -----> fixed record size (80 chars)
TRUNC=80 -----> truncate all characters after 80 per line (see note 1)
SIZE=0 -----> the number of lines in the file (see note 2)
LINE=0 -----> the line number of the current line
COL=1 -----> this parameter is related to cursor addressing (see
note 3)
ALT=0 -----> the number of lines that are different from the copy
that is currently on disk. Pressing the ENTER key
updates this number after making a change.
Notes:
TRUNC means truncation column. TRUNC=80 means that if you type more than
80 characters in a line the additional characters are rejected by the
system.
Since you haven't entered any data yet, this file contains zero lines.
This parameter is obscure for the beginning user. However, if using the
line-editor mode of XEDIT, or if programmming with EXECs or XEDIT macros,
cursor addressing may prove useful. Refer to the CMS Reference Manual.
The XEDIT display screen can be modified to suit your preferences, but by default
the left-hand side of the screen consists of a column of five characters called
the prefix field. The prefix field is an area that accepts prefix commands. For
instance, if you wanted to add a line at a specific point in the file, you would
move the cursor into the prefix field of the line which you wanted the new line to
follow, type an 'a' (for add), and press ENTER. For five lines, simply type '5a'
or 'a5'. To delete a line, use a 'd' in the prefix area. A double quote (")
would duplicate the line. There are other prefix commands for copying, deleting,
and moving blocks of lines. Refer to your manuals for details.
At about the middle of the screen is the SCALE line. This line numbers the
columns on the screen and can help you format your file. Every tenth column is
marked with a digit denoting which decade it starts. The highlighted line just
below the SCALE line is called the "current line". The current line determines
the starting location for many XEDIT commands.
The next-to-last line of the screen (marked with an arrow) is called the command
line. This is where editor commands are entered to manipulate the file. Here are
some of the commands that you might use.
SAVE -----> Stores the current file under the filename
and filetype that are on the first line of
the screen. Specifying another name with
the SAVE command would create a new file
with the new name leaving the original
file unchanged.
FILE -----> Same as SAVE except you leave the XEDIT
environment.
Section 3: Disk Files 12
CMS Introductory Guide
QUIT -----> Leave the XEDIT environment. Do not rewrite
the file to disk.
QQuit -----> Same as QUIT. QQUIT must be used if any
changes have been made and you don't want to
save them.
Input -----> This command puts the editor into INPUT mode.
Lines are created as needed. To leave INPUT
mode, press ENTER twice.
Add nn -----> Add nn lines following the current line.
DELete nn -----> Delete nn lines beginning with the current
line.
Find str -----> Find the next line where str occurs starting
in column 1.
Locate /str -----> Find the next line in which str
occurs. LOCATE can be issued in two ways.
Locate /string
or simply,
/string
where string is the sequence of characters
you are searching for. Using the first
alternative the / (slash) can be any
character used as a delimiter. This is
helpful when the string contains a slash.
To include trailing blanks, close the string
with another delimiter.
L.6/30/92 .
This will locate the string "6/30/92 "
including the last blanks.
Change -----> To make global or local changes to your file,
use the CHANGE command. The syntax is
Change/old string/new string/ lines times first
where lines is the number of lines affected
starting with the current line, times is the
number of times in each line that the change
should be made, and first indicates which
occurrence is the first to be changed. Use
an * for lines to change all lines to the
bottom of the file. An * for times means
every occurrence in each line. If lines,
times, and first are omitted then only the
Section 3: Disk Files 13
CMS Introductory Guide
first occurrence on the current line is
changed.
TOP -----> Make the top of the file the current line.
BOTtom -----> Make the bottom of the file the current line.
Down nn -----> Move DOWN the file nn lines.
Up nn -----> Move UP the file nn lines.
Section 3.6 Sharing Disks and Files
If someone needs a file that you have, use
SHIP filename filetype userid
where userid is the userid of the person wanting the file. SHIP puts the file
into the other user's reader in a special format. The other user can store the
file by using the ACCEPT command.
If someone needs access to your entire A-disk, you can allow the other user to
LINK by issuing the AUTOLINK command
AUTOLINK AUTHorize 191 level USER userid
where userid is the user that will now be allowed access to your disk. Level can
be any of,
R for read only (R/O) access.
W to allow write access only if there are no other links to the disk.
M to allow the other userid to modify files on your disk even if there are
currently other R/O links.
Once another user has been authorized to LINK, that user can access your disk by
entering
GRAB userid
Unless other options are specified, GRAB will establish a R/O link to your disk as
a B-disk (unless there already is a B-disk).
A and B are examples of the use of the filemode. When adding disks or links to
disks, each disk is associated with a filemode. By specifying the filemode on
your CMS commands, you can reference any of these disks. Filemodes are important
in another way, too. Disks are searched in alphabetical order; where you store
files affects search time and the costs associated with it. Also if you have two
files with the same filename and filetype on different disks, then referencing the
Section 3: Disk Files 14
CMS Introductory Guide
file without specifying the filemode will only find the first file in the search
order.
Any number of userids can link to your disk at one time (but only one R/W link is
allowed). When a GRAB is done, the GRABbing userid gets a "snapshot" of the disk
it has GRABbed. If any files are changed while the LINK is in effect, those
changes are unknown to the GRABber. Files with a filemode number of 0 (A0, B0,
etc) are usually invisible to GRABbing userids. But don't depend on this rule for
privacy. Never give another userid access to a disk that has files on it that
you'd rather keep private.
| Section 3.7 BITNET and Internet
| BITNET is an international computer network of universities and research
| institutions. BITNET allows any CMS user to exchange messages and files with
| users at many other locations. In addition to direct access to BITNET nodes
| (computer systems), access is available through "gateways" to several other
| organizations on the Internet. A gateway is a node on BITNET that also is a node
| on another network and provides access to that network for BITNET members.
| BITNET is intended for educational and research use; commercial use is not
| allowed. It should not be considered secure and should not be used for
| confidential or sensitive information. Proprietary software should not be sent
| over BITNET.
| The MAIL command can be used to send a message to a user at another BITNET node
| (or at the UKCC). MAIL also supports the gateways to other networks; refer to the
| HELP information for details.
| To communicate with a user at a BITNET node, you can use the SHIP, MAIL, and TELL
| commands. The SHIP and MAIL commands can also be used to communicate with users
| on another network accessible through a gateway. More information about these
| commands is available from the HELP command, and some additional information can
| be found by examining the files on the BITNET minidisk (GRAB BITNET for access).
| You may also refer to the BITNET Introduction available through the MANUAL
| facility.
| On BITNET, the UKCC VM system is node UKCC. On the Internet, this system is node
| UKCC.UKY.EDU.
| Remote access to computers at other institutions on the Internet is available
| through the TELNET command. The FTP command provides file transfer to and from
| computers on the Internet. The GOPHER command can be used to bring up menus
| allowing you to explore Gopherspace on the Internet. Similarly, the WWW command
| can be used to bring up a text-only client program for exploring the World-Wide
| Web. For more information on Internet services, contact the Information Systems
| Help Desk in 107 McVey Hall (e-mail: helpdesk@ukcc.uky.edu or phone: 257-2249).
Section 3: Disk Files 15
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 3.8 PUBLIC
PUBLIC makes another disk accessible to CMS users. Commands and EXECs written by
users and submitted to be shared are available through the PUBLIC disk. Enter
Help PUBLIC
if you are interested in this command.
If you have developed an EXEC, program, or package that you believe would be of
use to other users at the UKCC, use the SUGGEST command to let us know about it.
Someone will contact you to get further details. Be sure to prepare a HELP file
using the existing HELP files on the PUBLIC disk as models.
Section 3: Disk Files 16
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 4: Spool Files
Spool files are temporary files used to communicate with another user or a batch
system. They are also used to preview files to be printed. You are charged for
spool files based on their size and how long you keep them. The rate for spool
files is 3 times the rate for permanent disk space. Associated with your userid
is an input device called a "reader" which allows you to access spool files.
When you log on, CMS will tell you if there are spool files waiting in your
reader. If there are files in your reader when you log off, CMS will ask you what
to do with them. You can keep the files, delete some or all of them, or cancel
the LOGOFF (with ESCAPE) so that you can print the files (using OUTPUT), or ACCEPT
the file(s) to disk. You will have to answer (by at least pressing ENTER) before
you will be allowed to successfully log off.
Spool files are retained for at least one week. They are then PURGEd by the
system to prevent the system spool space from filling. Please minimize the amount
of time that a file waits in your reader before being OUTPUT, ACCEPTed, or PURGEd.
Most of the time you should keep no files in your reader.
RDRLIST (or RLIST) can be used to display the contents of your reader the same way
FLIST displays your disk files.
RList or
RDRList
In the input area of each line, you can type commands to be executed against the
spool file listed on that line. PF10 is set to RBROWSE. Or you can find the
spool numbers associated with your spool files by issuing the command,
Query Reader ALL
If you do not specify the four-digit number of a specific file, CMS will use the
first file in your reader when executing the commands described below.
Section 4.1 Examining Spool Files
The LOOK command can be used from any type of terminal to examine spool files.
LOOK is an EXEC that determines what type of format the spool file is. It then
uses RBROWSE or PEEK to display the file depending on its format and the type of
terminal you are using. RBROWSE allows you to BROWSE spool files from 3270
terminals. PEEK is an EXEC that uses XEDIT to display a spool file. You can use
these commands directly
RBrowse spoolno
PEEK spoolno (FROM nnnn FOR mmmm
Section 4: Spool Files 17
CMS Introductory Guide
or let LOOK take care of the details
LOOK spoolno < (options >
PEEK will only show the first 200 lines of the spool file, unless values are given
for nnnn and mmmm. (You may use the menu-driven OPTIONS command to set the
defaults for PEEK to FROM 1 FOR *.) RBROWSE operates like BROWSE; refer to the
subsection "Examining Disk Files" for more information.
Section 4.2 Printing Spool Files
If you want a printed copy, use the OUTPUT command to print the spool file.
GATHER and REPRINT can also be helpful if you want to send a group of spool files
to the same printer or if you want to retain the spool file(s) while also getting
a printed copy. See your manuals for details on these commands or use the HELP
facility.
Once a spool or disk file has been routed to print, you may use the FINDPRT
command to determine when it has completed printing. See the section "Printer and
Plotter Output" for more information.
Section 4.3 ACCEPTing Spool Files
To bring a spool file into your permanent disk space, enter ACCEPT. Like LOOK,
ACCEPT identifies the format of the spool file and uses the appropriate command to
put it on disk.
ACCEPT spoolid
As a precaution, the system checks to see if you already have a file with the same
fileid on your disk when you try to ACCEPT a spool file. If the file exists, the
new file will not be accepted. A message stating that the file already exists
will be displayed. To assign a new name to the incoming file, type:
ACCEPT spoolid * A filename filetype
You could also RENAME the existing file or use the REPLACE option with ACCEPT if
the original file is no longer needed.
Section 4: Spool Files 18
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 5: Text Formatting
There are two packages available for formatting long documents at UKCC, each with
its special strengths. Both LaTeX and Waterloo SCRIPT are very powerful and
flexible text formatters. This guide was formatted using SCRIPT.
Section 5.1 Using SCRIPT
In your source file you may combine lines of text with SCRIPT control words and,
after processing by SCRIPT, the output file is very nicely formatted according to
the control words used.
Extensive documentation is available for SCRIPT with the MANUAL command and the
HELP facility. If you will be producing long papers, you may also be interested
in using GML (also documented on MANUAL). Generalized Markup Language is a
collection of SCRIPT macros (short programs) distributed and maintained by the
University of Waterloo (which is also responsible for SCRIPT). These macros take
most of the agony out of producing things like tables of contents, footnotes,
bibliographies, figures, tables, title pages, and chapter and section headings.
To format a document with SCRIPT, use XEDIT to create a file containing all the
text and SCRIPT commands. Then, enter the SCRIPT command to process the file.
How you do this depends on where you want the output routed. A good method is to
follow this example,
SPLPREP PR ( TO *
SCript filename (PRint
where filename is the filename of your SCRIPT file (the filetype must be SCRIPT).
This sequence of commands creates a spool file in your reader. Examine the file
with RBrowse to determine whether or not a printed copy is desired. Often many
iterations of editing can be performed without waiting for a printout. When you
are ready for a printed copy you can use
OUTPUT ( PAGEDef DOC
to print the file from your reader. See the section "Printer and Plotter Output"
for information on tracking files sent to a printer.
Other SCRIPT options allow you to route the output to other media. The DISK
option will store the formatted file with carriage control on your disk while the
MEMO option will store the formatted file with no carriage control on your disk.
A MEMO file can be downloaded to a microcomputer and imported into your favorite
word processor. Features such as bolding and underscoring are not useful with
Section 5: Text Formatting 19
CMS Introductory Guide
MEMO. Entering the SCRIPT command with no options at all, will send the output to
your terminal. This is only useful for small files, such as memos or letters.
| Using Laser Printers for Final Copies
Rough copies for editing can be printed CENTRAL using the method described above.
| When you are ready for your final copy output, use the a laser printer in the King
| Microlab (CCUSER1) or one in the BEIC Microlab (CCUSER2), which produce crisp,
| near typeset-quality output. You must provide any special paper you may need.
| Usually, it's better to produce one copy on the standard paper provided by the
| UKCC and then have extra copies made at a copy shop on the paper of your choice.
| To send SCRIPT output to one of these laser printers, use the LWSCRIPT command
| followed by the option CCUSER1 or CCUSER2.
| LWSCript filename ( CCUSER1
| To print preformatted files on the LaserWriter, use LWPRINT.
| LWPRint filename filetype ( CCUSER1
See the HELP files for more information on LWSCRIPT and LWPRINT. Each of these
commands has many options for making your document look more professional.
Section 5.2 Using LaTeX
TeX (pronounced Tek -- the X is actually chi) was developed by Donald Knuth and is
implemented on IBM CMS as LaTeX. It is now the official text processing language
of the American Mathematical Society and features compatibility with many computer
systems. To access the LaTeX programs you must GRAB the TeX disks.
GRAB TEX
GRAB TEX 291
Details are available from HELP TEX after GRABbing the disks. There are also
several sample program files to help you get started. Copies of A Gentle
Introduction to TeX are available at the Help Desk in 107 McVey Hall.
To preview your TeX documents on CMS use the TEXVIEW command. This requires use
of an IBM 3179 or compatible terminal. When you are ready for hardcopy, you can
print the output to an Apple LaserWriter or to the IBM 3800 page printer.
LATEXPRT is used to print to the LaserWriter. DVI3800 will prepare a file to be
printed on the IBM 3800.
Section 5: Text Formatting 20
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 6: Interactive Programming
CMS allows you to run your programs interactively. This means that your program
is run while you wait and that data can be entered directly at the terminal while
the program is running. An alternative is to store the data in another CMS file.
Storing the data in a file allows testing of the program with exactly the same
data used for each run, and it is usually more convenient for large amounts of
data. See the subsection "File Definitions" to see how to make these
associations.
Program results can be displayed at your terminal, put into a spool file for
examination with LOOK and possible printing, or written to a disk file for further
analysis by another program.
Section 6.1 Programming Languages under CMS
CMS supports several languages. Complete details on all languages are available
in their respective user's guides and reference manuals.
To compile a program under CMS the record format (RECFM) of the program file
usually must be fixed (F). When XEDIT is used to create a program file the RECFM
defaults to F. However, should you be in the position of having a variable length
(V) file, you can easily make it fixed length by XEDITing the file and issuing the
command,
RECFm F
and then FILEing the file. This is also often true of any data files used. Most
compilers require a specific filetype as well. For instance, VS FORTRAN requires
the program file to have a filetype of FORTRAN.
HELP files for each of the compilers are available with detailed instructions for
using each of them. Some general similarities will be dealt with in this guide.
Section 6: Interactive Programming 21
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 6.2 File Definitions
Many programming languages (such as FORTRAN, for example) require that you define
input and output files with the FILEDEF command. The manuals for each language
processor should be consulted for further details since each language has its own
requirements. In FORTRAN, for instance, reading and writing is done with regard
to logical units identified by a number in the READ or WRITE statement. Units 5
and 6 usually refer to the terminal. (The WATFIV interface issues its own
FILEDEFs for units 5 and 6. If you are using WATFIV do not issue FILEDEFs for
these units. That will only get you in trouble.)
To make these associations for FORTRAN, issue the commands
FIledef 5 Terminal
FIledef 6 Terminal
Most of the FORTRAN compilers at UKCC issue their own FILEDEFs for these units.
Other languages may use a name instead of a unit number to reference a file. To
verify what associations have already been set enter the command,
FIledef
This will display all FILEDEF settings currently in effect.
To read from a CMS file named PROG1 DATA using unit 8 in FORTRAN use this FILEDEF
FIledef 8 DISK PROG1 DATA
Most language processors clear all non-permanent FILEDEF associations after each
execution. To prevent this, add the PERM option when issuing a FILEDEF. For
example,
FIledef 8 DISK PROG1 DATA (PERM
FILEDEF associations remain in effect for the whole session when the PERM option
is specified, but all FILEDEFs always disappear when you log off, HX, IPL, or if
your program ABENDs (terminates because of a major error).
To clear all non-PERManent FILEDEFs, issue the command
FIledef * CLEAR
To clear a PERManent FILEDEF you must specify the unit number or DDname. For
example,
FIledef 8 CLEAR
Further details on FILEDEF can be found in the CMS Reference Manual or with HELP.
Section 6: Interactive Programming 22
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 6.3 Subroutine Libraries
The GLOBAL command is used to make libraries of subroutines available for later
processing of CMS commands. Some languages require the use of system libraries to
do I/O and other mundane tasks.
A TXTLIB is a library of subroutine object (TEXT) files stored together in one
file. To make them available, enter
GLobal TXTLIB librarynames
where "librarynames" are the filenames of the TXTLIB files. See Appendix C for a
list of available libraries.
A MACLIB is a collection of source files (uncompiled programs) or macros stored
together in one file. The MACLIST command will display an FLIST-like screen of
maclib members. This is a good way to keep logically-related source files in one
place. To make a source library available issue the command
GLobal MACLIB librarynames
Query LIBRARY
will list all currently GLOBALed libraries.
Subroutine libraries used by a WATFIV program must be MACLIB files.
Section 6.4 Executing Your Program
Appendix C lists software available under CMS. Refer to the specific HELP files
for the commands you will be using. In Appendix D a sample session creates a
FORTRAN file using XEDIT. The program is then executed under WATFOR77 using
terminal I/O for data and output. Follow this example to get some experience in
interactive programming under CMS.
Section 6.5 Increasing Storage
When you log on, you are given a machine with 4M (1 megabyte is 1,048,576 or 1024
times 1024 bytes) of storage. If you find you need more storage (e.g., you may
need to XEDIT a rather large file or you may want to compile a large program), use
the STORAGE command to define a machine of 6 megabytes.
STORAGE 6M
Section 6: Interactive Programming 23
CMS Introductory Guide
defines a larger machine. (If you find that you need more than 6 megabytes, see
the subsection "VM Batch".) For some software applications you may need to define
a machine larger than 4M but first you need to get approval through the User
Account Services Office, Room 130 McVey Hall.
Issuing the STORAGE command causes an IPL (Initial Program Load) so, if you had
FILEDEFs defined or TDISK accessed, you'll need to re-define the FILEDEFs and/or
re-access the temporary disk.
Section 6.6 DLIST
The DLIST command uses a full-screen menu to display all the disks attached to
your userid whether accessed or not. DLIST is a command on the Public disk so you
must access the Public disk before you can use it. From the DLIST screen you can
re-access any disks you may have inadvertently released. Position your cursor on
the disk you wish to re-access and press PF5. The HELP file has further details.
Section 6.7 Saving Disk Space
Compiling a program under CMS creates an object code file with filetype TEXT.
This file is usually written on your A-disk. You must have enough room for it or
the compilation will fail. Normally, compiling also creates a LISTING file on
your A-disk. You can conserve disk space by routing the listing file to your
reader with these commands.
SPLPREP PR ( TO *
Then use the appropriate compiler option, usually PRINT. Use RBROWSE to examine
the results and, if desired, use OUTPUT to send them to a printer. Some compilers
also require workfiles on a R/W disk. TDISK will help in these instances if
you're short on permanent disk space.
Section 6.8 Watching Your CPU Usage
There's always the chance of including a non-terminating loop in a program. This
is especially important under CMS since there's no easy way of limiting a
program's use of CPU time. If you think your program is "running away", you can
try to interrupt it. HX (Halt eXecution) should stop the execution of any CMS
command. If this doesn't work, try to get the attention of the Control Program by
pressing PA1. This will give you a CP Read status; from here you can IPL. This
will restart your CMS session and should fix almost any problem.
Section 6: Interactive Programming 24
CMS Introductory Guide
Ipl CMS
is the command to cause an Initial Program Load. This is like "booting" or
pressing RESET on a microcomputer. From a non-3270 type terminal, the command
#CP Ipl CMS
should perform the same function.
Section 6: Interactive Programming 25
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 7: Batch Programming
Programs written under CMS can be executed 1) interactively, 2) through the VM
Batch system, or 3) through MVS batch. In deciding which way to go, consider
factors of cost and time.
Files to be printed are sent to JES; programs SUBMITted for execution are sent to
MVS or VM Batch. Anything sent to VM Batch, JES, or MVS is considered to be a
"job". With VM and MVS batch, programs can be executed with a limited amount of
CPU time allowed for the program to complete. If the program does not complete in
the allotted time, the job ABENDs (ABnormal END). VM and MVS batch jobs can also
be held to run during slack periods of the day when rates are lower. But
sometimes fast turnaround is more important than reducing costs.
Section 7.1 VM Batch
Almost anything that you can do at a terminal under CMS can be done in a VM Batch
job. However, since the job is running in a batch environment, all data must come
from a disk file; the keyboard cannot be used to control program execution. Put
program statements to be executed in VM Batch into an EXEC file written in REXX.
Output can be routed to a spool file or a disk file that is subsequently sent to
your userid with SHIP.
When a job goes into execution under VM Batch, a batch server is logged on to
process the job file. This batch server has up to 100 megabytes of storage
available. The batch server is allowed read-only access to your A-disk (and your
D-disk if you have one). All spool files generated by the batch server are
returned to the userid that submitted the job. This includes a console listing
that keeps a record of everything done during the server's session.
If VM Batch sounds useful to you, you should look for more information in the HELP
file. Type
Help VMBATCH
Help BATCH
Section 7: Batch Programming 26
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 7.2 MVS Batch
The UKCC currently supports MVS/ESA. The SUBMIT command is used to send jobs to
be executed by the MVS batch system. The STATUS command is used to inquire as to
the progress of the job. Each userid has a batch system set as a default for all
commands that relate to a batch system. The default batch system for your userid
can be changed using the OPTIONS command or by typing
BATCHSYS CMS
or
BATCHSYS MVS
You can also specify the intended batch system as an option on the SUBMIT and
STATUS commands. See the HELP files for more information on these commands.
Running jobs under MVS requires you to have all the data set up before submission
and to include IBM JCL to control the execution of your job. If you need to use
tapes or MVS disk you must use MVS Batch. Tapes and MVS rental disk are usually
used for applications requiring very large datasets.
To run a job under MVS, first create the file using XEDIT and check it for obvious
errors. Then,
SUBMIT filename filetype ( <TO> batch_system <Route> output_destination
will send the file to the default or specified batch_system to be set up for
execution. SUBMIT subcommands can be embedded in the file being submitted and are
processed at the time of submission. For instance, if the line,
..INClude filename filetype
is in your file, SUBMIT will send the entire named file in the place of the
..INCLUDE record when sending the file to the designated batch system. If you
want to execute your program with several different data files, you can have a JCL
file that INCLUDEs a program file and a data file. By changing the name of the
data file in the JCL file, different data is processed by your program. There's
no need to keep a copy of the entire program with each set of data.
Output_destination determines where your job output will be sent. It's usually a
good idea to route the output back to your reader for examination with RBROWSE
before deciding whether or not to print it. This saves printing costs and waiting
for the job to be printed.
Section 7: Batch Programming 27
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 8: Printer and Plotter Output
Section 8.1 Tracking Your Output
You can determine what's happened to your output with the following commands.
The STATUS command will keep track of your jobs while they are waiting to execute
and are in execution under MVS or VM batch. STATUS will keep track of them until
they complete execution and are spooled for output processing. STATUS will not
return the status of jobs that have completed execution and are being printed; nor
will STATUS return the status of jobs that are being printed with the OUTPUT or
FPRINT commands from CMS. To check on jobs that are running under your default
batch system enter this command as
STATUS
You can also specify
STATUS (MVS
or
STATUS (CMS
to query a job running under the system that is not your default batch system.
For MVS the response will look like this:
Job# Jobname Last Activity Awaiting Execution Output (Records)
7848 PROG2 10:20 XEQA
and indicates that PROG2 is awaiting execution in the A queue.
If you forget your job number or you want to verify what jobs have completed
execution, use the JOBS command for MVS jobs.
JOBS day
where day indicates what day the job completed. Day starts counting with today
being zero (0); yesterday is 1 (up to 4 for four days ago). If the job ran today,
just type
JOBS
The system response will look like this
Job# Jobname Last Activity Reader Execution Output (Records)
7848 PROG2 09:52 PURGED 09:50 L8.JR1 09:50 09:51 09:50 L8.JR1 843
This indicates one job ran with the job number 7848, that it had completed
execution at 09:51, 843 lines of output were spooled and the completed job was
purged normally.
Section 8: Printer and Plotter Output 28
CMS Introductory Guide
Note your job numbers for printing done via the OUTPUT or FPRINT CMS commands
at the time the initial message is sent to your terminal. If you fail to do so,
they may be retrieved by using the CMS FINDPRT command. FINDPRT is also used to
determine when and where a given output file was printed. It must be remembered
that FINDPRT can only locate the job number of output that has finished printing.
Jobs that are queued awaiting printing are not listed by FINDPRT or by the STATUS
command (see JES $D below). FINDPRT is used to determine when jobs have actually
completed printing. The format for the FINDPRT command is,
FINDPRT <day>
where day can be omitted for output printed today. The numbers 1 through 4 are
valid parameters allowing you to retrieve job numbers from as far back as four
days previous to the current day just as with the JOBS command.
FINDPRT 1
would be used to retrieve the job numbers of all jobs printed on the previous day.
The system response looks like,
USERID NUMBER JOBNAME PRT PTIME PDATE LINES BOX
USR204 6731 PROG2 P1 17:44 01/13 2473 AA11
A PRT entry of NOP means that the job was canceled without a printout. P1, P3,
and P4 are in the Computer Room; you will need your box code to pick up your
printout at the Data Center.
If your output has not printed, but you believe it is in a print queue, you may
issue the JES command $DJspoolid to locate it. For example, to see if job number
7848 is queued, issue the command
JES $DJ7848
You may also use JES commands to recover the job numbers of output should you
lose those job numbers. This is done by issuing the command,
JES $D'jobname'
where jobname is the name specified on the //jobname JOB statement. This command
will only report on jobs that are still in the system. Once a job has completed
execution and printing, this command cannot locate the job.
Section 8: Printer and Plotter Output 29
CMS Introductory Guide
Section 8.2 Graphing and Plotting Options
A number of graphics systems are available to IBM mainframe users. There are
interactive menu-driven graphing systems, Fortran subroutine systems, and
procedural systems such as SAS/GRAPH. Most of these systems permit LaserWriter
output. Some allow for output to pen plotters, e.g., Hewlett Packard, Zeta, etc.
For each system a reference manual and/or online help facility is available.
SAS/GRAPH SAS/GRAPH is a set of graphics procedures associated with
SAS. You may select from several output devices at run time.
Two- and three-dimensional plots of datasets are easily
obtained.
GRAB SAS for access to SAS/GRAPH PROCedures and HELP files.
| MANUAL BROWSE SASGRAPH for access to a reference manual.
ICU Interactive Chart Utility is a powerful menu-driven graphing
system which is part of the IBM GDDM library. It is easily
accessed by simply typing 'ICU' at the CMS prompt. Again,
documentation is available. But, because of the extensive
built-in HELP facility, it may not be needed.
ICU is loaded with excellent data graphing features, and will
produce a number of common 2D and 3D graph styles. It is,
however, limited in its output capabilities to IBM GDDM
devices (such as IBM 3179 G or IBM 3192 G terminals) or files.
Zeta subs Jobs using the Zeta subroutine library can be submitted to MVS
and a plot file returned to your CMS userid. Plot files can be
sent to the Zeta plotter or to a laser printer in one
of the microlabs for hardcopy. If you are using MVS Batch,
submit your plot job with the following statement included in
the JCL and route the output to your reader.
//PLOTTAPE DD SYSOUT=B,DCB=(RECFM=F,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=80)
Two files will be returned from MVS, a PRT file and a PUN file.
ACCEPT the PUN file; this file contains the plotter commands.
If you are using CMS, issue these commands
SPLPREP PUN ( TO *
FIledef PLOTTAPE PUnch
The plot file will be returned to your reader as a spool file.
ACCEPT the file. Once you have the plot file on disk you can
plot the file either at an Apple LaserWriter or on the Zeta
pen plotter. To route the plot to a LaserWriter use
Section 8: Printer and Plotter Output 30
CMS Introductory Guide
LWPLOT filename filetype (CCUSER
To send the plot to the Zeta plotter, log on to the plotter-
attached terminal in 104 McVey Hall and use the APRINT command
or use
PLOT filename filetype
to have someone do it for you. These plots will be stored in
the Data Center with printed output. Use your box code to
retrieve them.
Section 8: Printer and Plotter Output 31
CMS Introductory Guide
| APPENDIX. A: Attaching to UKCC (or GW)
| Full-screen support for ASCII terminals and personal computers is available on
| UKCC (or GW, the gateway machine). A terminal connected in this way is treated by
| CMS as if it were a 3270. This allows you to use screen-oriented commands (like
| FLIST and XEDIT), gives you Program Function (PF) keys, and allows easier input
| editing.
| There are many different kinds of ASCII terminals and differences in the keyboards
| and control codes that they use. Support is available now for several TeleVideo
| models, DEC VT100s, Lear Siegler ADM-3As, Apple Macintoshes with Kermit or
| MacTerminal, IBM Personal Computers with Kermit or Yterm, and others. Some brands
| and models that are compatible with one of these probably will work also. (If
| your terminal is not supported use the SUGGEST command to ask for more
| information.)
| Use these communication settings with a modem:
| Full-Duplex
| 8 Data Bits
| 1 Stop Bit
| No Parity
| You may use a baud setting of 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 14.4K, or 28.8K.
| When you are ready to end your terminal session be sure to LOGoff or DISConnect.
| You should then drop your connection to UKnet to make the port available for
| someone else.
Appendix. A: Attaching to UKCC (or GW) 32
CMS Introductory Guide
APPENDIX. B: Logging On with an ASCII Terminal
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Logging On Using 7171 Protocol Converter (Network Connected) |
| |
| |
| Be sure that the DUPLEX switch is set to FULL and the BAUD RATE |
| switch is set to 9600 before turning the terminal on. |
| |
| |
| Actions You Take System Responses |
| |
| 1) Turn on the terminal. Terminal beeps and displays cursor. |
| |
| 2) Press RETURN The system will respond with the UKnet prompt >>
| |
| 3) Type C (space) UKCC The system will expand C to the word Connect. |
| and press RETURN |
| Terminal beeps and types |
| Enter your terminal type: |
| (TeleVideo 910+ is TVI910P, |
| RETURN gives all options) |
| |
| 4) Type tvi910p (or other The terminal beeps and fills the screen |
| terminal type if not a with the UK logo and the prompt LOGON. |
| Televideo 910+) and |
| press RETURN |
| |
| 5) Type userid and press RETURN The terminal types ENTER PASSWORD |
| |
| 6) Type your password Terminal displays a logon |
| and press RETURN message and the Ready; prompt |
| |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Appendix. B: Logging On with an ASCII Terminal 33
CMS Introductory Guide
APPENDIX. C: A Sample CMS Session
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| A sample session to create and execute a WATFOR77 program file. |
| |
| Note that WATFOR77 allows mixed case in the program. However, by default a |
| filetype of FORTRAN will cause everything typed into the file to become |
| uppercase when the ENTER key is pressed. The XEDIT subcommand SET CASE M I |
| will preserve case as it is typed. |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
| GRAB WATFOR77 | The WATFOR77 disk need only be accessed |
| | once at the beginning of a session. |
| Xedit PROG1 FORTRAN | This file will be called PROG1 FORTRAN. |
| | |
| Input | Enter input mode. |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| At this point, if you have an application program enter it. |
| Otherwise, use the following WATFOR77 program as an example. |
| |
| C This program returns the factorial of any integer up to 12 |
| C |
| 100 Write(6,10) |
| 10 Format(' Enter an integer between 1 and 12',/, |
| 1' or enter -1 to stop execution') |
| Read(5,*) K |
| If (K.eq.-1) GoTo 999 |
| If (K) 100,100,150 |
| 150 If (K-12) 160,160,100 |
| 160 Ifact = 1 |
| Do 200 I=1,K |
| 200 Ifact=Ifact * I |
| Write(6,300)K,Ifact |
| 300 Format(1x,' The factorial of ',i3,' is ',i15) |
| GoTo 100 |
| 999 Stop |
| End |
| |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
| Press ENTER twice. | Exit input mode. |
| | |
| FILE | Save program on disk and exit XEDIT. |
| | |
| WATFOR77 PROG1 FORTRAN | Execute PROG1 and read data from terminal. |
| | |
| Enter numbers to test. | Program prints out number and factorial. |
| Enter -1 to quit. | |
Appendix. C: A Sample CMS Session 34
CMS Introductory Guide
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Appendix. C: A Sample CMS Session 35
CMS Introductory Guide
INDEX
-A- Find, 13
ACCEPT, 17 finding
Add, 13 job
AUTOLINK, 14 numbers, 29
output, 28-29
-B- FLIST, 7
Batch FPRINT, 9
MVS/ESA, 27 FTP, 15
VM, 26
BITNET, 15 -G-
BOTtom, 14 gateway, 15
BROWSE, 10 GML, 19
GRAB, 14
-C- graphics, 31
carriage GRIPE, 6
control, 10
Central, 9 -H-
Change, 13 halt
changing execution, 25
password, 3 HELP, 1, 4
CJS, 1 Desk, 2
CMS, 1 HOLDING, 4
command line, 12 HX, 25
conventions, 1
CP -I-
READ, 4 INPUT
current line, 12 INHIBITED, 3
mode, 13
-D- INSERT
DELete, 13 MODE, 3
directory, 7 IPL, 25
DLIST, 24
Down, 14 -J-
JES, 29
-E- Job-number, 9
editor, 10
ENTER, 2 -L-
erasing Laser
files, 8 Printer, 20
LaTeX, 19
-F- Locate, 13
file, 12 logging
management, 7 on, 2
FILEDEF, 22 logoff, 3
fileid, 7 LOOK, 17
filemode, 7, 14 loops, 24
filename, 7 LW, 20
filetype, 7
Index 36
CMS Introductory Guide
-M- -S-
MAIL, 15 SAVE, 12
manuals, 1, 6 SCALE, 12
MORE..., 4 SCRIPT, 19
MVS/ESA sharing
Batch, 27 disks, 14
files, 14
-N- SHIP, 14-15
network, 15 SPLPREP, 9
NEWS, 2, 6 spool
NOT files, 3, 17
ACCEPTED, 4 status, 28
NOTE, 15 indicators, 3
STORAGE, 23
-O- SUBMIT, 27
OUTPUT, 18 SUGGEST, 6
syntax, 1
-P-
password, 3 -T-
PEEK, 17 tape, 27
personal TELL, 15
computers, 1 TELNET, 15
PFkey, 8 terminal
plotting, 31 types, 1
prefix TeX, 19
field, 12 TOP, 14
printed
copy, 9 -U-
printing Up, 14
files, 9
long -V-
records, 10 VIEW, 6
typeset quality, 20 visualization, 31
protocol VM
converter, 1 Batch, 26
publications, 6 READ, 4
-Q- -X-
QQUIT, 13 XEDIT, 10
QUIT, 12
-7-
-R- 7171, 1
RBROWSE, 17
RDRLIST, 17
reader, 9, 17
files, 3
ready
message, 2
RENAME, 8
RETURN, 2
RLIST, 17
route, 27
RUNNING, 4
Index 37